ActsChapter 1This book unites the Gospels to the Epistles. It contains many particulars concerning the apostles Peter and Paul, and of the Christian church from the ascension of our Saviour to the arrival of St. Paul at Rome, a space of about thirty years. St. Luke was the writer of this book; he was present at many of the events he relates, and attended Paul to Rome. But the narrative does not afford a complete history of the church during the time to which it refers, nor even of St. Paul's life. The object of the book has been considered to be, 1. To relate in what manner the gifts of the Holy Spirit were communicated on the day of Pentecost, and the miracles performed by the apostles, to confirm the truth of Christianity, as showing that Christ's declarations were really fulfilled. 2. To prove the claim of the Gentiles to be admitted into the church of Christ. This is shown by much of the contents of the book. A large portion of the Acts is occupied by the discourses or sermons of various persons, the language and manner of which differ, and all of which will be found according to the persons by whom they were delivered, and the occasions on which they were spoken. It seems that most of these discourses are only the substance of what was actually delivered. They relate nevertheless fully to Jesus as the Christ, the anointed Messiah. Proofs of Christ's resurrection. (1-5) Christ's ascension. (6-11) The apostles unite in prayer. (12-14) Matthias chosen in the place of Judas. (15-26) Verses 1-5 Our Lord told the disciples the work they were to do. The apostles met together at Jerusalem; Christ having ordered them not to depart thence, but to wait for the pouring out of the Holy Spirit. This would be a baptism by the Holy Ghost, giving them power to work miracles, and enlightening and sanctifying their souls. This confirms the Divine promise, and encourages us to depend upon it, that we have heard it from Christ; for in Him all the promises of God are yea and amen. Verses 6-11 They were earnest in asking about that which their Master never had directed or encouraged them to seek. Our Lord knew that his ascension and the teaching of the Holy Spirit would soon end these expectations, and therefore only gave them a rebuke; but it is a caution to his church in all ages, to take heed of a desire of forbidden knowledge. He had given his disciples instructions for the discharge of their duty, both before his death and since his resurrection, and this knowledge is enough for a Christian. It is enough that He has engaged to give believers strength equal to their trials and services; that under the influence of the Holy Spirit they may, in one way or other, be witnesses for Christ on earth, while in heaven he manages their concerns with perfect wisdom, truth, and love. When we stand gazing and trifling, the thoughts of our Master's second coming should quicken and awaken us: when we stand gazing and trembling, they should comfort and encourage us. May our expectation of it be stedfast and joyful, giving diligence to be found of him blameless. Verses 12-14 God can find hiding-places for his people. They made supplication. All God's people are praying people. It was now a time of trouble and danger with the disciples of Christ; but if any is afflicted, let him pray; that will silence cares and fears. They had now a great work to do, and before they entered upon it, they were earnest in prayer to God for his presence. They were waiting for the descent of the Spirit, and abounded in prayer. Those are in the best frame to receive spiritual blessings, who are in a praying frame. Christ had promised shortly to send the Holy Ghost; that promise was not to do away prayer, but to quicken and encourage it. A little company united in love, exemplary in their conduct, fervent in prayer, and wisely zealous to promote the cause of Christ, are likely to increase rapidly.
Verses 15-26
The great thing the apostles were to attest to the world,
was, Christ's resurrection; for that was the great proof of his
being the Messiah, and the foundation of our hope in him. The
apostles were ordained, not to wordly dignity and dominion, but
to preach Christ, and the power of his resurrection. An appeal
was made to God; "Thou, Lord, who knowest the hearts of all
men," which we do not; and better than they know their own. It
is fit that God should choose his own servants; and so far as
he, by the disposals of his providence, or the gifts of his
Spirit, shows whom he was chosen, or what he has chosen for us,
we ought to fall in with his will. Let us own his hand in the
determining everything which befalls us, especially in those by
which any trust may be committed to us.
The descent of the Holy Spirit at the day of Pentecost. (1-4)
The apostles speak in divers languages. (5-13) Peter's address
to the Jews. (14-36) Three thousand souls converted. (37-41) The
piety and affection of the disciples. (42-47)
Verses 5-13 The difference in languages which arose at Babel, has much hindered the spread of knowledge and religion. The instruments whom the Lord first employed in spreading the Christian religion, could have made no progress without this gift, which proved that their authority was from God. Verses 14-21 Peter's sermon shows that he was thoroughly recovered from his fall, and thoroughly restored to the Divine favour; for he who had denied Christ, now boldly confessed him. His account of the miraculous pouring forth of the Spirit, was designed to awaken the hearers to embrace the faith of Christ, and to join themselves to his church. It was the fulfilling the Scripture, and the fruit of Christ's resurrection and ascension, and proof of both. Though Peter was filled with the Holy Ghost, and spake with tongues as the Spirit gave him utterance, yet he did not think to set aside the Scriptures. Christ's scholars never learn above their Bible; and the Spirit is given, not to do away the Scriptures, but to enable us to understand, approve, and obey them. Assuredly none will escape the condemnation of the great day, except those who call upon the name of the Lord, in and through his Son Jesus Christ, as the Saviour of sinners, and the Judge of all mankind. Verses 22-36 From this gift of the Holy Ghost, Peter preaches unto them Jesus: and here is the history of Christ. Here is an account of his death and sufferings, which they witnessed but a few weeks before. His death is considered as God's act; and of wonderful grace and wisdom. Thus Divine justice must be satisfied, God and man brought together again, and Christ himself glorified, according to an eternal counsel, which could not be altered. And as the people's act; in them it was an act of awful sin and folly. Christ's resurrection did away the reproach of his death; Peter speaks largely upon this. Christ was God's Holy One, sanctified and set apart to his service in the work of redemption. His death and sufferings should be, not to him only, but to all his, the entrance to a blessed life for evermore. This event had taken place as foretold, and the apostles were witnesses. Nor did the resurrection rest upon this alone; Christ had poured upon his disciples the miraculous gifts and Divine influences, of which they witnessed the effects. Through the Saviour, the ways of life are made known; and we are encouraged to expect God's presence, and his favour for evermore. All this springs from assured belief that Jesus is the Lord, and the anointed Saviour. Verses 37-41 From the first delivery of that Divine message, it appeared that there was Divine power going with it; and thousands were brought to the obedience of faith. But neither Peter's words, nor the miracle they witnessed, could have produced such effects, had not the Holy Spirit been given. Sinners, when their eyes are opened, cannot but be pricked to the heart for sin, cannot but feel an inward uneasiness. The apostle exhorted them to repent of their sins, and openly to avow their belief in Jesus as the Messiah, by being baptized in his name. Thus professing their faith in Him, they would receive remission of their sins, and partake of the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit. To separate from wicked people, is the only way to save ourselves from them. Those who repent of their sins, and give up themselves to Jesus Christ, must prove their sincerity by breaking off from the wicked. We must save ourselves from them; which denotes avoiding them with dread and holy fear. By God's grace three thousand persons accepted the gospel invitation. There can be no doubt that the gift of the Holy Ghost, which they all received, and from which no true believer has ever been shut out, was that Spirit of adoption, that converting, guiding, sanctifying grace, which is bestowed upon all the members of the family of our heavenly Father. Repentance and remission of sins are still preached to the chief of sinners, in the Redeemer's name; still the Holy Spirit seals the blessing on the believer's heart; still the encouraging promises are to us and our children; and still the blessings are offered to all that are afar off.
Verses 42-47
In these verses we have the history of the truly
primitive church, of the first days of it; its state of infancy
indeed, but, like that, the state of its greatest innocence.
They kept close to holy ordinances, and abounded in piety and
devotion; for Christianity, when admitted in the power of it,
will dispose the soul to communion with God in all those ways
wherein he has appointed us to meet him, and has promised to
meet us. The greatness of the event raised them above the world,
and the Holy Ghost filled them with such love, as made every one
to be to another as to himself, and so made all things common,
not by destroying property, but doing away selfishness, and
causing charity. And God who moved them to it, knew that they
were quickly to be driven from their possessions in Judea. The
Lord, from day to day, inclined the hearts of more to embrace
the gospel; not merely professors, but such as were actually
brought into a state of acceptance with God, being made
partakers of regenerating grace. Those whom God has designed for
eternal salvation, shall be effectually brought to Christ, till
the earth is filled with the knowledge of his glory.
A lame man healed by Peter and John. (1-11) Peter's address to
the Jews. (12-26)
Verses 12-18 Observe the difference in the manner of working the miracles. Our Lord always spoke as having Almighty power, never hesitated to receive the greatest honour that was given to him on account of his Divine miracles. But the apostles referred all to their Lord, and refused to receive any honour, except as his undeserving instruments. This shows that Jesus was one with the Father, and co-equal with Him; while the apostles knew that they were weak, sinful men, and dependent for every thing on Jesus, whose power effected the cure. Useful men must be very humble. Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but to thy name, give glory. Every crown must be cast at the feet of Christ. The apostle showed the Jews the greatness of their crime, but would not anger or drive them to despair. Assuredly, those who reject, refuse, or deny Christ, do it through ignorance; but this can in no case be an excuse. Verses 19-21 The absolute necessity of repentance is to be solemnly charged upon the consciences of all who desire that their sins may be blotted out, and that they may share in the refreshment which nothing but a sense of Christ's pardoning love can afford. Blessed are those who have felt this. It was not needful for the Holy Spirit to make known the times and seasons of these dispensations. These subjects are still left obscure. But when sinners are convinced of their sins, they will cry to the Lord for pardon; and to the penitent, converted, and believing, times of refreshment will come from the presence of the Lord. In a state of trial and probation, the glorified Redeemer will be out of sight, because we must live by faith in him.
Verses 22-26
Here is a powerful address to warn the Jews of the
dreadful consequences of their unbelief, in the very words of
Moses, their favourite prophet, out of pretended zeal for whom
they were ready to reject Christianity, and to try to destroy
it. Christ came into the world to bring a blessing with him. And
he sent his Spirit to be the great blessing. Christ came to
bless us, by turning us from our iniquities, and saving us from
our sins. We, by nature cleave to sin; the design of Divine
grace is to turn us from it, that we may not only forsake, but
hate it. Let none think that they can be happy by continuing in
sin, when God declares that the blessing is in being turned from
all iniquity. Let none think that they understand or believe the
gospel, who only seek deliverance from the punishment of sin,
but do not expect happiness in being delivered from sin itself.
And let none expect to be turned from their sin, except by
believing in, and receiving Christ the Son of God, as their
wisdom, righteousness, sanctification, and redemption.
Peter and John imprisoned. (1-4) The apostles boldly testify
to Christ. (5-14) Peter and John refuse to be silenced. (15-22)
The believers unite in prayer and praise. (23-31) The holy
charity of the Christians. (32-37)
Verses 5-14 Peter being filled with the Holy Ghost, would have all to understand, that the miracle had been wrought by the name, or power, of Jesus of Nazareth, the Messiah, whom they had crucified; and this confirmed their testimony to his resurrection from the dead, which proved him to be the Messiah. These rulers must either be saved by that Jesus whom they had crucified, or they must perish for ever. The name of Jesus is given to men of every age and nation, as that whereby alone believers are saved from the wrath to come. But when covetousness, pride, or any corrupt passion, rules within, men shut their eyes, and close their hearts, in enmity against the light; considering all as ignorant and unlearned, who desire to know nothing in comparison with Christ crucified. And the followers of Christ should act so that all who converse with them, may take knowledge that they have been with Jesus. That makes them holy, heavenly, spiritual, and cheerful, and raises them above this world. Verses 15-22 All the care of the rulers is, that the doctrine of Christ spread not among the people, yet they cannot say it is false or dangerous, or of any ill tendency; and they are ashamed to own the true reason; that it testifies against their hypocrisy, wickedness, and tyranny. Those who know how to put a just value upon Christ's promises, know how to put just contempt upon the world's threatenings. The apostles look with concern on perishing souls, and know they cannot escape eternal ruin but by Jesus Christ, therefore they are faithful in warning, and showing the right way. None will enjoy peace of mind, nor act uprightly, till they have learned to guide their conduct by the fixed standard of truth, and not by the shifting opinions and fancies of men. Especially beware of a vain attempt to serve two masters, God and the world; the end will be, you can serve neither fully. Verses 23-31 Christ's followers do best in company, provided it is their own company. It encourages God's servants, both in doing work, and suffering work, that they serve the God who made all things, and therefore has the disposal of all events; and the Scriptures must be fulfilled. Jesus was anointed to be a Saviour, therefore it was determined he should be a sacrifice, to make atonement for sin. But sin is not the less evil for God's bringing good out of it. In threatening times, our care should not be so much that troubles may be prevented, as that we may go on with cheerfulness and courage in our work and duty. They do not pray, Lord let us go away from our work, now that it is become dangerous, but, Lord, give us thy grace to go on stedfastly in our work, and not to fear the face of man. Those who desire Divine aid and encouragement, may depend upon having them, and they ought to go forth, and go on, in the strength of the Lord God. God gave a sign of acceptance of their prayers. The place was shaken, that their faith might be established and unshaken. God gave them greater degrees of his Spirit; and they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, more than ever; by which they were not only encouraged, but enabled to speak the word of God with boldness. When they find the Lord God help them by his Spirit, they know they shall not be confounded, isaiah 1.7 .
Verses 32-37
The disciples loved one another. This was the blessed
fruit of Christ's dying precept to his disciples, and his dying
prayer for them. Thus it was then, and it will be so again, when
the Spirit shall be poured upon us from on high. The doctrine
preached was the resurrection of Christ; a matter of fact, which
being duly explained, was a summary of all the duties,
privileges, and comforts of Christians. There were evident
fruits of Christ's grace in all they said and did. They were
dead to this world. This was a great evidence of the grace of
God in them. They did not take away others' property, but they
were indifferent to it. They did not call it their own; because
they had, in affection, forsaken all for Christ, and were
expecting to be stripped of all for cleaving to him. No marvel
that they were of one heart and soul, when they sat so loose to
the wealth of this world. In effect, they had all things common;
for there was not any among them who lacked, care was taken for
their supply. The money was laid at the apostles' feet. Great
care ought to be taken in the distribution of public charity,
that it be given to such as have need, such as are not able to
procure a maintenance for themselves; those who are reduced to
want for well-doing, and for the testimony of a good conscience,
ought to be provided for. Here is one in particular mentioned,
remarkable for this generous charity; it was Barnabas. As one
designed to be a preacher of the gospel, he disentangled himself
from the affairs of this life. When such dispositions prevail,
and are exercised according to the circumstances of the times,
the testimony will have very great power upon others.
The death of Ananias and Sapphira. (1-11) The power which
accompanied the preaching of the gospel. (12-16) The apostles
imprisoned, but set free by an angel. (17-25) The apostles
testify to Christ before the council. (26-33) The advice of
Gamaliel, The council let the apostles go. (34-42)
Verses 12-16 The separation of hypocrites by distinguishing judgments, should make the sincere cleave closer to each other and to the gospel ministry. Whatever tends to the purity and reputation of the church, promotes its enlargement; but that power alone which wrought such miracles by the apostles, can rescue sinners from the power of sin and Satan, and add believers to His worshippers. Christ will work by all his faithful servants; and every one who applies to him shall be healed. Verses 17-25 There is no prison so dark, so strong, but God can visit his people in it, and, if he pleases, fetch them out. Recoveries from sickness, releases out of trouble, are granted, not that we may enjoy the comforts of life, but that God may be honoured with the services of our life. It is not for the preachers of Christ's gospel to retire into corners, as long as they can have any opportunity of preaching in the great congregation. They must preach to the lowest, whose souls are as precious to Christ as the souls of the greatest. Speak to all, for all are concerned. Speak as those who resolve to stand to it, to live and die by it. Speak all the words of this heavenly, divine life, in comparison with which the present earthly life does not deserve the name. These words of life, which the Holy Ghost puts into your mouth. The words of the gospel are the words of life; words whereby we may be saved. How wretched are those who are vexed at the success of the gospel! They cannot but see that the word and power of the Lord are against them; and they tremble for the consequences, yet they will go on. Verses 26-33 Many will do an evil thing with daring, yet cannot bear to hear of it afterward, or to have it charged upon them. We cannot expect to be redeemed and healed by Christ, unless we give up ourselves to be ruled by him. Faith takes the Saviour in all his offices, who came, not to save us in our sins, but to save us from our sins. Had Christ been exalted to give dominion to Israel, the chief priests would have welcomed him. But repentance and remission of sins are blessings they neither valued nor saw their need of; therefore they, by no means, admitted his doctrine. Wherever repentance is wrought, remission is granted without fail. None are freed from the guilt and punishment of sin, but those who are freed from the power and dominion of sin; who are turned from it, and turned against it. Christ gives repentance, by his Spirit working with the word, to awaken the conscience, to work sorrow for sin, and an effectual change in the heart and life. The giving of the Holy Ghost, is plain evidence that it is the will of God that Christ should be obeyed. And He will surely destroy those who will not have Him to reign over them.
Verses 34-42
The Lord still has all hearts in his hands, and sometimes
directs the prudence of the worldly wise, so as to restrain the
persecutors. Common sense tells us to be cautious, while
experience and observation show that the success of frauds in
matters of religion has been very short. Reproach for Christ is
true preferment, as it makes us conformable to his pattern, and
serviceable to his interest. They rejoiced in it. If we suffer
ill for doing well, provided we suffer it well, and as we
should, we ought to rejoice in that grace which enabled us so to
do. The apostles did not preach themselves, but Christ. This was
the preaching that most offended the priests. But it ought to be
the constant business of gospel ministers to preach Christ:
Christ, and him crucified; Christ, and him glorified; nothing
beside this, but what has reference to it. And whatever is our
station or rank in life, we should seek to make Him known, and
to glorify his name.
The appointment of deacons. (1-7) Stephen falsely accused of
blasphemy. (8-15)
Verses 8-15
When they could not answer Stephen's arguments as a
disputant, they prosecuted him as a criminal, and brought false
witnesses against him. And it is next to a miracle of
providence, that no greater number of religious persons have
been murdered in the world, by the way of perjury and pretence
of law, when so many thousands hate them, who make no conscience
of false oaths. Wisdom and holiness make a man's face to shine,
yet will not secure men from being treated badly. What shall we
say of man, a rational being, yet attempting to uphold a
religious system by false witness and murder! And this has been
done in numberless instances. But the blame rests not so much
upon the understanding, as upon the heart of a fallen creature,
which is deceitful above all things and desperately wicked. Yet
the servant of the Lord, possessing a clear conscience, cheerful
hope, and Divine consolations, may smile in the midst of danger
and death.
Stephen's defence. (1-50) Stephen reproves the Jews for the
death of Christ. (51-53) The martyrdom of Stephen. (54-60)
Verses 17-29 Let us not be discouraged at the slowness of the fulfilling of God's promises. Suffering times often are growing times with the church. God is preparing for his people's deliverance, when their day is darkest, and their distress deepest. Moses was exceeding fair, "fair toward God;" it is the beauty of holiness which is in God's sight of great price. He was wonderfully preserved in his infancy; for God will take special care of those of whom he designs to make special use. And did he thus protect the child Moses? Much more will he secure the interests of his holy child Jesus, from the enemies who are gathered together against him. They persecuted Stephen for disputing in defence of Christ and his gospel: in opposition to these they set up Moses and his law. They may understand, if they do not wilfully shut their eyes against the light, that God will, by this Jesus, deliver them out of a worse slavery than that of Egypt. Although men prolong their own miseries, yet the Lord will take care of his servants, and effect his own designs of mercy. Verses 30-41 Men deceive themselves, if they think God cannot do what he sees to be good any where; he can bring his people into a wilderness, and there speak comfortably to them. He appeared to Moses in a flame of fire, yet the bush was not consumed; which represented the state of Israel in Egypt, where, though they were in the fire of affliction, yet they were not consumed. It may also be looked upon as a type of Christ's taking upon him the nature of man, and the union between the Divine and human nature. The death of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, cannot break the covenant relation between God and them. Our Saviour by this proves the future state, matthew 22:31 . Abraham is dead, yet God is still his God, therefore Abraham is still alive. Now, this is that life and immortality which are brought to light by the gospel. Stephen here shows that Moses was an eminent type of Christ, as he was Israel's deliverer. God has compassion for the troubles of his church, and the groans of his persecuted people; and their deliverance takes rise from his pity. And that deliverance was typical of what Christ did, when, for us men, and for our salvation, he came down from heaven. This Jesus, whom they now refused, as their fathers did Moses, even this same has God advanced to be a Prince and Saviour. It does not at all take from the just honour of Moses to say, that he was but an instrument, and that he is infinitely outshone by Jesus. In asserting that Jesus should change the customs of the ceremonial law. Stephen was so far from blaspheming Moses, that really he honoured him, by showing how the prophecy of Moses was come to pass, which was so clear. God who gave them those customs by his servant Moses, might, no doubt, change the custom by his Son Jesus. But Israel thrust Moses from them, and would have returned to their bondage; so men in general will not obey Jesus, because they love this present evil world, and rejoice in their own works and devices. Verses 42-50 Stephen upbraids the Jews with the idolatry of their fathers, to which God gave them up as a punishment for their early forsaking him. It was no dishonour, but an honour to God, that the tabernacle gave way to the temple; so it is now, that the earthly temple gives way to the spiritual one; and so it will be when, at last, the spiritual shall give way to the eternal one. The whole world is God's temple, in which he is every where present, and fills it with his glory; what occasion has he then for a temple to manifest himself in? And these things show his eternal power and Godhead. But as heaven is his throne, and the earth his footstool, so none of our services can profit Him who made all things. Next to the human nature of Christ, the broken and spiritual heart is his most valued temple. Verses 51-53 Stephen was going on, it seems, to show that the temple and the temple service must come to an end, and it would be the glory of both to give way to the worship of the Father in spirit and in truth; but he perceived they would not bear it. Therefore he broke off, and by the Spirit of wisdom, courage, and power, sharply rebuked his persecutors. When plain arguments and truths provoke the opposers of the gospel, they should be shown their guilt and danger. They, like their fathers, were stubborn and wilful. There is that in our sinful hearts, which always resists the Holy Ghost, a flesh that lusts against the Spirit, and wars against his motions; but in the hearts of God's elect, when the fulness of time comes, this resistance is overcome. The gospel was offered now, not by angels, but from the Holy Ghost; yet they did not embrace it, for they were resolved not to comply with God, either in his law or in his gospel. Their guilt stung them to the heart, and they sought relief in murdering their reprover, instead of sorrow and supplication for mercy.
Verses 54-60
Nothing is so comfortable to dying saints, or so
encouraging to suffering saints, as to see Jesus at the right
hand of God: blessed be God, by faith we may see him there.
Stephen offered up two short prayers in his dying moments. Our
Lord Jesus is God, to whom we are to seek, and in whom we are to
trust and comfort ourselves, living and dying. And if this has
been our care while we live, it will be our comfort when we die.
Here is a prayer for his persecutors. Though the sin was very
great, yet if they would lay it to their hearts, God would not
lay it to their charge. Stephen died as much in a hurry as ever
any man did, yet, when he died, the words used are, he fell
asleep; he applied himself to his dying work with as much
composure as if he had been going to sleep. He shall awake again
in the morning of the resurrection, to be received into the
presence of the Lord, where is fulness of joy, and to share the
pleasures that are at his right hand, for evermore.
Saul persecutes the church. (1-4) Philip's success at Samaria.
Simon the sorcerer baptized. (5-13) The hypocrisy of Simon
detected. (14-25) Philip and the Ethiopian. (26-40)
Verses 5-13 As far as the gospel prevails, evil spirits are dislodged, particularly unclean spirits. All inclinations to the lusts of the flesh which war against the soul are such. Distempers are here named, the most difficult to be cured by the course of nature, and most expressive of the disease of sin. Pride, ambition, and desire after grandeur have always caused abundance of mischief, both to the world and to the church. The people said of Simon, This man is the great power of God. See how ignorant and thoughtless people mistake. But how strong is the power of Divine grace, by which they were brought to Christ, who is Truth itself! The people not only gave heed to what Philip said, but were fully convinced that it was of God, and not of men, and gave up themselves to be directed thereby. Even bad men, and those whose hearts still go after covetousness, may come before God as his people come, and for a time continue with them. And many wonder at the proofs of Divine truths, who never experience their power. The gospel preached may have a common operation upon a soul, where it never produced inward holiness. All are not savingly converted who profess to believe the gospel. Verses 14-25 The Holy Ghost was as yet fallen upon none of these coverts, in the extraordinary powers conveyed by the descent of the Spirit upon the day of Pentecost. We may take encouragement from this example, in praying to God to give the renewing graces of the Holy Ghost to all for whose spiritual welfare we are concerned; for that includes all blessings. No man can give the Holy Spirit by the laying on of his hands; but we should use our best endeavours to instruct those for whom we pray. Simon Magus was ambitious to have the honour of an apostle, but cared not at all to have the spirit and disposition of a Christian. He was more desirous to gain honour to himself, than to do good to others. Peter shows him his crime. He esteemed the wealth of this world, as if it would answer for things relating to the other life, and would purchase the pardon of sin, the gift of the Holy Ghost, and eternal life. This was such a condemning error as could by no means consist with a state of grace. Our hearts are what they are in the sight of God, who cannot be deceived. And if they are not right in his sight, our religion is vain, and will stand us in no stead. A proud and covetous heart cannot be right with God. It is possible for a man to continue under the power of sin, yet to put on a form of godliness. When tempted with money to do evil, see what a perishing thing money is, and scorn it. Think not that Christianity is a trade to live by in this world. There is much wickedness in the thought of the heart, its false notions, and corrupt affections, and wicked projects, which must be repented of, or we are undone. But it shall be forgiven, upon our repentance. The doubt here is of the sincerity of Simon's repentance, not of his pardon, if his repentance was sincere. Grant us, Lord, another sort of faith than that which made Simon wonder only, and did not sanctify his heart. May we abhor all thoughts of making religion serve the purposes of pride or ambition. And keep us from that subtle poison of spiritual pride, which seeks glory to itself even from humility. May we seek only the honour which cometh from God.
Verses 26-40
Philip was directed to go to a desert. Sometimes God
opens a door of opportunity to his ministers in very unlikely
places. We should study to do good to those we come into company
with by travelling. We should not be so shy of all strangers as
some affect to be. As to those of whom we know nothing else, we
know this, that they have souls. It is wisdom for men of
business to redeem time for holy duties; to fill up every minute
with something which will turn to a good account. In reading the
word of God, we should often pause, to inquire of whom and of
what the sacred writers spake; but especially our thoughts
should be employed about the Redeemer. The Ethiopian was
convinced by the teaching of the Holy Spirit, of the exact
fulfilment of the Scripture, was made to understand the nature
of the Messiah's kingdom and salvation, and desired to be
numbered among the disciples of Christ. Those who seek the
truth, and employ their time in searching the Scriptures, will
be sure to reap advantages. The avowal of the Ethiopian must be
understood as expressing simple reliance on Christ for
salvation, and unreserved devotion to Him. Let us not be
satisfied till we get faith, as the Ethiopian did, by diligent
study of the Holy Scriptures, and the teaching of the Spirit of
God; let us not be satisfied till we get it fixed as a principle
in our hearts. As soon as he was baptized, the Spirit of God
took Philip from him, so that he saw him no more; but this
tended to confirm his faith. When the inquirer after salvation
becomes acquainted with Jesus and his gospel, he will go on his
way rejoicing, and will fill up his station in society, and
discharge his duties, from other motives, and in another manner
than heretofore. Though baptized in the name of the Father, Son,
and Holy Ghost, with water, it is not enough without the baptism
of the Holy Ghost. Lord, grant this to every one of us; then
shall we go on our way rejoicing.
The conversion of Saul. (1-9) Saul converted preaches Christ.
(10-22) Saul is persecuted at Damascus, and goes to Jerusalem.
(23-31) Cure of Eneas. (32-35) Dorcas raised to life. (36-43)
Verses 10-22 A good work was begun in Saul, when he was brought to Christ's feet with those words, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And never did Christ leave any who were brought to that. Behold, the proud Pharisee, the unmerciful oppressor, the daring blasphemer, prayeth! And thus it is even now, and with the proud infidel, or the abandoned sinner. What happy tidings are these to all who understand the nature and power of prayer, of such prayer as the humbled sinner presents for the blessings of free salvation! Now he began to pray after another manner than he had done; before, he said his prayers, now, he prayed them. Regenerating grace sets people on praying; you may as well find a living man without breath, as a living Christian without prayer. Yet even eminent disciples, like Ananias, sometimes stagger at the commands of the Lord. But it is the Lord's glory to surpass our scanty expectations, and show that those are vessels of his mercy whom we are apt to consider as objects of his vengeance. The teaching of the Holy Spirit takes away the scales of ignorance and pride from the understanding; then the sinner becomes a new creature, and endeavours to recommend the anointed Saviour, the Son of God, to his former companions. Verses 23-31 When we enter into the way of God, we must look for trials; but the Lord knows how to deliver the godly, and will, with the temptation, also make a way to escape. Though Saul's conversion was and is a proof of the truth of Christianity, yet it could not, of itself, convert one soul at enmity with the truth; for nothing can produce true faith, but that power which new-creates the heart. Believers are apt to be too suspicious of those against whom they have prejudices. The world is full of deceit, and it is necessary to be cautious, but we must exercise 1 corinthians true believers; and he will bring them to his people, and often gives them opportunities of bearing testimony to his truth, before those who once witnessed their hatred to it. Christ now appeared to Saul, and ordered him to go quickly out of Jerusalem, for he must be sent to the Gentiles: see ch. 22:21. Christ's witnesses cannot be slain till they have finished their testimony. The persecutions were stayed. The professors of the gospel walked uprightly, and enjoyed much comfort from the Holy Ghost, in the hope and peace of the gospel, and others were won over to them. They lived upon the comfort of the Holy Ghost, not only in the days of trouble and affliction, but in days of rest and prosperity. Those are most likely to walk cheerfully, who walk circumspectly. Verses 32-35 Christians are saints, or holy people; not only the eminent ones, as Saint Peter and Saint Paul, but every sincere professor of the faith of Christ. Christ chose patients whose diseases were incurable in the course of nature, to show how desperate was the case of fallen mankind. When we were wholly without strength, as this poor man, he sent his word to heal us. Peter does not pretend to heal by any power of his own, but directs Eneas to look up to Christ for help. Let none say, that because it is Christ, who, by the power of his grace, works all our works in us, therefore we have no work, no duty to do; for though Jesus Christ makes thee whole, yet thou must arise, and use the power he gives thee.
Verses 36-43
Many are full of good words, who are empty and barren in
good works; but Tabitha was a great doer, no great talker.
Christians who have not property to give in charity, may yet be
able to do acts of charity, working with their hands, or walking
with their feet, for the good of others. Those are certainly
best praised whose own works praise them, whether the words of
others do so or not. But such are ungrateful indeed, who have
kindness shown them, and will not acknowledge it, by showing the
kindness that is done them. While we live upon the fulness of
Christ for our whole salvation, we should desire to be full of
good works, for the honour of his name, and for the benefit of
his saints. Such characters as Dorcas are useful where they
dwell, as showing the excellency of the word of truth by their
lives. How mean then the cares of the numerous females who seek
no distinction but outward decoration, and who waste their lives
in the trifling pursuits of dress and vanity! Power went along
with the word, and Dorcas came to life. Thus in the raising of
dead souls to spiritual life, the first sign of life is the
opening of the eyes of the mind. Here we see that the Lord can
make up every loss; that he overrules every event for the good
of those who trust in him, and for the glory of his name.
Cornelius directed to send for Peter. (1-8) Peter's vision.
(9-18) He goes to Cornelius. (19-33) His discourse to Cornelius.
(34-43) The gifts of the Holy Spirit poured out. (44-48)
Verses 9-18 The prejudices of Peter against the Gentiles, would have prevented his going to Cornelius, unless the Lord had prepared him for this service. To tell a Jew that God had directed those animals to be reckoned clean which were hitherto deemed unclean, was in effect saying, that the law of Moses was done away. Peter was soon made to know the meaning of it. God knows what services are before us, and how to prepare us; and we know the meaning of what he has taught us, when we find what occasion we have to make use of it. Verses 19-33 When we see our call clear to any service, we should not be perplexed with doubts and scruples arising from prejudices or former ideas. Cornelius had called together his friends, to partake with him of the heavenly wisdom he expected from Peter. We should not covet to eat our spiritual morsels alone. It ought to be both given and taken as kindness and respect to our kindred and friends, to invite them to join us in religious exercises. Cornelius declared the direction God gave him to send for Peter. We are right in our aims in attending a gospel ministry, when we do it with regard to the Divine appointment requiring us to make use of that ordinance. How seldom ministers are called to speak to such companies, however small, in which it may be said that they are all present in the sight of God, to hear all things that are commanded of God! But these were ready to hear what Peter was commanded of God to say. Verses 34-43 Acceptance cannot be obtained on any other ground than that of the covenant of mercy, through the atonement of Christ; but wherever true religion is found, God will accept it without regarding names or sects. The fear of God and works of righteousness are the substance of true religion, the effects of special grace. Though these are not the cause of a man's acceptance, yet they show it; and whatever may be wanting in knowledge or faith, will in due time be given by Him who has begun it. They knew in general the word, that is, the gospel, which God sent to the children of Israel. The purport of this word was, that God by it published the good tidings of peace by Jesus Christ. They knew the several matters of fact relating to the gospel. They knew the baptism of repentance which John preached. Let them know that this Jesus Christ, by whom peace is made between God and man, is Lord of all; not only as over all, God blessed for evermore, but as Mediator. All power, both in heaven and in earth, is put into his hand, and all judgment committed to him. God will go with those whom he anoints; he will be with those to whom he has given his Spirit. Peter then declares Christ's resurrection from the dead, and the proofs of it. Faith has reference to a testimony, and the Christian faith is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, on the testimony given by them. See what must be believed concerning him. That we are all accountable to Christ as our Judge; so every one must seek his favour, and to have him as our Friend. And if we believe in him, we shall all be justified by him as our Righteousness. The remission of sins lays a foundation for all other favours and blessings, by taking that out of the way which hinders the bestowing of them. If sin be pardoned, all is well, and shall end well for ever.
Verses 44-48
The Holy Ghost fell upon others after they were baptized,
to confirm them in the faith; but upon these Gentiles before
they were baptized, to show that God does not confine himself to
outward signs. The Holy Ghost fell upon those who were neither
circumcised nor baptized; it is the Spirit that quickeneth, the
flesh profiteth nothing. They magnified God, and spake of Christ
and the benefits of redemption. Whatever gift we are endued
with, we ought to honour God with it. The believing Jews who
were present, were astonished that the gift of the Holy Ghost
was poured out upon the Gentiles also. By mistaken notions of
things, we make difficult for ourselves as to the methods of
Divine providence and grace. As they were undeniably baptized
with the Holy Ghost, Peter concluded they were not to be refused
the baptism of water, and the ordinance was administered. The
argument is conclusive; can we deny the sign to those who have
received the things signified? Those who have some acquaintance
with Christ, cannot but desire more. Even those who have
received the Holy Ghost, must see their need of daily learning
more of the truth.
Peter's defence. (1-18) The success of the gospel at Antioch.
(19-24) The disciples named Christians, Relief sent to Judea.
(25-30)
Verses 19-24 The first preachers of the gospel at Antioch, were dispersed from Jerusalem by persecution; thus what was meant to hurt the church, was made to work for its good. The wrath of man is made to praise God. What should the ministers of Christ preach, but Christ? Christ, and him crucified? Christ, and him glorified? And their preaching was accompanied with the Divine power. The hand of the Lord was with them, to bring that home to the hearts and consciences of men, which they could but speak to the outward ear. They believed; they were convinced of the truth of the gospel. They turned from a careless, carnal way of living, to live a holy, heavenly, spiritual life. They turned from worshipping God in show and ceremony, to worship him in the Spirit and in truth. They turned to the Lord Jesus, and he became all in all with them. This was the work of conversion wrought upon them, and it must be wrought upon every one of us. It was the fruit of their faith; all who sincerely believe, will turn to the Lord, When the Lord Jesus is preached in simplicity, and according to the Scriptures, he will give success; and when sinners are thus brought to the Lord, really good men, who are full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, will admire and rejoice in the grace of God bestowed on them. Barnabas was full of faith; full of the grace of faith, and full of the fruits of the faith that works by love.
Verses 25-30
Hitherto the followers of Christ were called disciples,
that is, learners, scholars; but from that time they were called
Christians. The proper meaning of this name is, a follower of
Christ; it denotes one who, from serious thought, embraces the
religion of Christ, believes his promises, and makes it his
chief care to shape his life by Christ's precepts and example.
Hence it is plain that multitudes take the name of Christian to
whom it does not rightly belong. But the name without the
reality will only add to our guilt. While the bare profession
will bestow neither profit nor delight, the possession of it
will give both the promise of the life that now is, and of that
which is to come. Grant, Lord, that Christians may forget other
names and distinctions, and love one another as the followers of
Christ ought to do. True Christians will feel for their brethren
under afflictions. Thus will fruit be brought forth to the
praise and glory of God. If all mankind were true Christians,
how cheerfully would they help one another! The whole earth
would be like one large family, every member of which would
strive to be dutiful and kind.
The martyrdom of James, and the imprisonment of Peter. (1-5)
He is delivered from prison by an angel. (6-11) Peter departs,
Herod's rage. (12-19) The death of Herod. (20-25)
Verses 6-11 A peaceful conscience, a lively hope, and the consolations of the Holy Spirit, can keep men calm in the full prospect of death; even those very persons who have been most distracted with terrors on that account. God's time to help, is when things are brought to the last extremity. Peter was assured that the Lord would cause this trial to end in the way that should be most for his glory. Those who are delivered out of spiritual imprisonment must follow their Deliverer, like the Israelites when they went out of the house of bondage. They knew not whither they went, but knew whom they followed. When God will work salvation for his people, all difficulties in their way will be overcome, even gates of iron are made to open of their own accord. This deliverance of Peter represents our redemption by Christ, which not only proclaims liberty to the captives, but brings them out of the prison-house. Peter, when he recollected himself, perceived what great things God had done for him. Thus souls delivered out of spiritual bondage, are not at first aware what God has wrought in them; many have the truth of grace, that want evidence of it. But when the Comforter comes, whom the Father will send, sooner or later, he will let them know what a blessed change is wrought. Verses 12-19 God's providence leaves room for the use of our prudence, though he has undertaken to perform and perfect what he has begun. These Christians continued in prayer for Peter, for they were truly in earnest. Thus men ought always to pray, and not to faint. As long as we are kept waiting for a mercy, we must continue praying for it. But sometimes that which we most earnestly wish for, we are most backward to believe. The Christian law of self-denial and of suffering for Christ, has not done away the natural law of caring for our own safety by lawful means. In times of public danger, all believers have God for their hiding-place; which is so secret, that the world cannot find them. Also, the instruments of persecution are themselves exposed to danger; the wrath of God hangs over all that engage in this hateful work. And the range of persecutors often vents itself on all in its way.
Verses 20-25
Many heathen princes claimed and received Divine honours,
but it was far more horrible impiety in Herod, who knew the word
and worship of the living God, to accept such idolatrous honours
without rebuking the blasphemy. And such men as Herod, when
puffed with pride and vanity, are ripening fast for signal
vengeance. God is very jealous for his own honour, and will be
glorified upon those whom he is not glorified by. See what vile
bodies we carry about with us; they have in them the seeds of
their own dissolution, by which they will soon be destroyed,
whenever God does but speak the word. We may learn wisdom from
the people of Tyre and Sidon, for we have offended the Lord with
our sins. We depend on him for life, and breath, and all things;
it surely then behoves us to humble ourselves before him, that
through the appointed Mediator, who is ever ready to befriend
us, we may be reconciled to him, lest wrath come upon us to the
utmost.
The mission of Paul and Barnabas. (1-3) Elymas the sorcerer.
(4-13) Paul's discourse at Antioch. (14-41) He preaches to the
Gentiles, and is persecuted by the Jews. (42-52)
Verses 4-13 Satan is in a special manner busy with great men and men in power, to keep them from being religious, for their example will influence many. Saul is here for the first time called Paul, and never after Saul. Saul was his name as he was a Hebrew; Paul was his name as he was a citizen of Rome. Under the direct influence of the Holy Ghost, he gave Elymas his true character, but not in passion. A fulness of deceit and mischief together, make a man indeed a child of the devil. And those who are enemies to the doctrine of Jesus, are enemies to all righteousness; for in it all righteousness is fulfilled. The ways of the Lord Jesus are the only right ways to heaven and happiness. There are many who not only wander from these ways themselves, but set others against these ways. They commonly are so hardened, that they will not cease to do evil. The proconsul was astonished at the force of the doctrine upon his own heart and conscience, and at the power of God by which it was confirmed. The doctrine of Christ astonishes; and the more we know of it, the more reason we shall see to wonder at it. Those who put their hand to the plough and look back, are not fit for the kingdom of God. Those who are not prepared to face opposition, and to endure hardship, are not fitted for the work of the ministry. Verses 14-31 When we come together to worship God, we must do it, not only by prayer and praise, but by the reading and hearing of the word of God. The bare reading of the Scriptures in public assemblies is not enough; they should be expounded, and the people exhorted out of them. This is helping people in doing that which is necessary to make the word profitable, to apply it to themselves. Every thing is touched upon in this sermon, which might best prevail with Jews to receive and embrace Christ as the promised Messiah. And every view, however short or faint, of the Lord's dealings with his church, reminds us of his mercy and long-suffering, and of man's ingratitude and perverseness. Paul passes from David to the Son of David, and shows that this Jesus is his promised Seed; a Saviour to do that for them, which the judges of old could not do, to save them from their sins, their worst enemies. When the apostles preached Christ as the Saviour, they were so far from concealing his death, that they always preached Christ crucified. Our complete separation from sin, is represented by our being buried with Christ. But he rose again from the dead, and saw no corruption: this was the great truth to be preached. Verses 32-37 The resurrection of Christ was the great proof of his being the Son of God. It was not possible he should be held by death, because he was the Son of God, and therefore had life in himself, which he could not lay down but with a design to take it again. The sure mercies of David are that everlasting life, of which the resurrection was a sure pledge; and the blessings of redemption in Christ are a certain earnest, even in this world. David was a great blessing to the age wherein he lived. We were not born for ourselves, but there are those living around us, to whom we must study to be serviceable. Yet here is the difference; Christ was to serve all generations. May we look to Him who is declared to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead, that by faith in him we may walk with God, and serve our generation according to his will; and when death comes, may we fall asleep in him, with a joyful hope of a blessed resurrection. Verses 38-41 Let all that hear the gospel of Christ, know these two things: 1. That through this Man, who died and rose again, is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins. Your sins, though many and great, may be forgiven, and they may be so without any injury to God's honour. 2. It is by Christ only that those who believe in him, and none else, are justified from all things; from all the guilt and stain of sin, from which they could not be justified by the law of Moses. The great concern of convinced sinners is, to be justified, to be acquitted from all their guilt, and accepted as righteous in God's sight, for if any is left charged upon the sinner, he is undone. By Jesus Christ we obtain a complete justification; for by him a complete atonement was made for sin. We are justified, not only by him as our Judge but by him as the Lord our Righteousness. What the law could not do for us, in that it was weak, the gospel of Christ does. This is the most needful blessing, bringing in every other. The threatenings are warnings; what we are told will come upon impenitent sinners, is designed to awaken us to beware lest it come upon us. It ruins many, that they despise religion. Those that will not wonder and be saved, shall wonder and perish.
Verses 42-52
The Jews opposed the doctrine the apostles preached; and
when they could find no objection, they blasphemed Christ and
his gospel. Commonly those who begin with contradicting, end
with blaspheming. But when adversaries of Christ's cause are
daring, its advocates should be the bolder. And while many judge
themselves unworthy of eternal life, others, who appear less
likely, desire to hear more of the glad tidings of salvation.
This is according to what was foretold in the Old Testament.
What light, what power, what a treasure does this gospel bring
with it! How excellent are its truths, its precepts, its
promises! Those came to Christ whom the Father drew, and to whom
the Spirit made the gospel call effectual,
romans 8:30
. As many as
were disposed to eternal life, as many as had concern about
their eternal state, and aimed to make sure of eternal life,
believed in Christ, in whom God has treasured up that life, and
who is the only Way to it; and it was the grace of God that
wrought it in them. It is good to see honourable women devout;
the less they have to do in the world, the more they should do
for their own souls, and the souls of others: but it is sad,
when, under colour of devotion to God, they try to show hatred
to Christ. And the more we relish the comforts and
encouragements we meet with in the power of godliness, and the
fuller our hearts are of them, the better prepared we are to
face difficulties in the profession of godliness.
Paul and Barnabas at Iconium. (1-7) A cripple healed at
Lystra, The people would have sacrificed to Paul and Barnabas.
(8-18) Paul stoned at Lystra, The churches visited again.
(19-28)
Verses 8-18 All things are possible to those that believe. When we have faith, that most precious gift of God, we shall be delivered from the spiritual helplessness in which we were born, and from the dominion of sinful habits since formed; we shall be made able to stand upright and walk cheerfully in the ways of the Lord. When Christ, the Son of God, appeared in the likeness of men, and did many miracles, men were so far from doing sacrifice to him, that they made him a sacrifice to their pride and malice; but Paul and Barnabas, upon their working one miracle, were treated as gods. The same power of the god of this world, which closes the carnal mind against truth, makes errors and mistakes find easy admission. We do not learn that they rent their clothes when the people spake of stoning them; but when they spake of worshipping them; they could not bear it, being more concerned for God's honour than their own. God's truth needs not the services of man's falsehood. The servants of God might easily obtain undue honours if they would wink at men's errors and vices; but they must dread and detest such respect more than any reproach. When the apostles preached to the Jews, who hated idolatry, they had only to preach the grace of God in Christ; but when they had to do with the Gentiles, they must set right their mistakes in natural religion. Compare their conduct and declaration with the false opinions of those who think the worship of a God, under any name, or in any manner, is equally acceptable to the Lord Almighty. The most powerful arguments, the most earnest and affectionate addresses, even with miracles, are scarcely enough to keep men from absurdities and abominations; much less can they, without special grace, turn the hearts of sinners to God and to holiness.
Verses 19-28
See how restless the rage of the Jews was against the
gospel of Christ. The people stoned Paul, in a popular tumult.
So strong is the bent of the corrupt and carnal heart, that as
it is with great difficulty that men are kept back from evil on
one side, so it is with great ease they are persuaded to evil on
the other side. If Paul would have been Mercury, he might have
been worshipped; but if he will be a faithful minister of
Christ, he shall be stoned, and thrown out of the city. Thus men
who easily submit to strong delusions, hate to receive the truth
in the love of it. All who are converted need to be confirmed in
the faith; all who are planted need to be rooted. Ministers'
work is to establish saints as well as to awaken sinners. The
grace of God, and nothing less, effectually establishes the
souls of the disciples. It is true, we must count upon much
tribulation, but it is encouragement that we shall not be lost
and perish in it. The Person to whose power and grace the
converts and the newly-established churches are commended,
clearly was the Lord Jesus, "on whom they had believed." It was
an act of worship. The praise of all the little good we do at
any time, must be ascribed to God; for it is He who not only
worketh in us both to will and to do, but also worketh with us
to make what we do successful. All who love the Lord Jesus, will
rejoice to hear that he has opened the door of faith wide, to
those who were strangers to him and to his salvation. And let
us, like the apostles, abide with those who know and love the
Lord.
The dispute raised by Judaizing teachers. (1-6) The council at
Jerusalem. (7-21) The letter from the council. (22-35) Paul and
Barnabas separate. (36-41)
Verses 7-21 We see from the words "purifying their hearts by faith," and the address of St. Peter, that justification by faith, and sanctification by the Holy Ghost, cannot be separated; and that both are the gift of God. We have great cause to bless God that we have heard the gospel. May we have that faith which the great Searcher of hearts approves, and attests by the seal of the Holy Spirit. Then our hearts and consciences will be purified from the guilt of sin, and we shall be freed from the burdens some try to lay upon the disciples of Christ. Paul and Barnabas showed by plain matters of fact, that God owned the preaching of the pure gospel to the Gentiles without the law of Moses; therefore to press that law upon them, was to undo what God had done. The opinion of James was, that the Gentile converts ought not to be troubled about Jewish rites, but that they should abstain from meats offered to idols, so that they might show their hatred of idolatry. Also, that they should be cautioned against fornication, which was not abhorred by the Gentiles as it should be, and even formed a part of some of their rites. They were counselled to abstain from things strangled, and from eating blood; this was forbidden by the law of Moses, and also here, from reverence to the blood of the sacrifices, which being then still offered, it would needlessly grieve the Jewish converts, and further prejudice the unconverted Jews. But as the reason has long ceased, we are left free in this, as in the like matters. Let converts be warned to avoid all appearances of the evils which they formerly practised, or are likely to be tempted to; and caution them to use Christian liberty with moderation and prudence. Verses 22-35 Being warranted to declare themselves directed by the immediate influence of the Holy Ghost, the apostles and disciples were assured that it seemed good unto God the Holy Spirit, as well as to them, to lay upon the converts no other burden than the things before mentioned, which were necessary, either on their own account, or from present circumstances. It was a comfort to hear that carnal ordinances were no longer imposed on them, which perplexed the conscience, but could not purify or pacify it; and that those who troubled their minds were silenced, so that the peace of the church was restored, and that which threatened division was removed. All this was consolation for which they blessed God. Many others were at Antioch. Where many labour in the word and doctrine, yet there may be opportunity for us: the zeal and usefulness of others should stir us up, not lay us asleep.
Verses 36-41
Here we have a private quarrel between two ministers, no
less than Paul and Barnabas, yet made to end well. Barnabas
wished his nephew John Mark to go with them. We should suspect
ourselves of being partial, and guard against this in putting
our relations forward. Paul did not think him worthy of the
honour, nor fit for the service, who had departed from them
without their knowledge, or without their consent: see ch.
13:13. Neither would yield, therefore there was no remedy but
they must part. We see that the best of men are but men, subject
to like passions as we are. Perhaps there were faults on both
sides, as usual in such contentions. Christ's example alone, is
a copy without a blot. Yet we are not to think it strange, if
there are differences among wise and good men. It will be so
while we are in this imperfect state; we shall never be all of
one mind till we come to heaven. But what mischief the
remainders of pride and passion which are found even in good
men, do in the world, and do in the church! Many who dwelt at
Antioch, who had heard but little of the devotedness and piety
of Paul and Barnabas, heard of their dispute and separation; and
thus it will be with ourselves, if we give way to contention.
Believers must be constant in prayer, that they may never be led
by the allowance of unholy tempers, to hurt the cause they
really desire to serve. Paul speaks with esteem and affection
both of Barnabas and Mark, in his epistles, written after this
event. May all who profess thy name, O loving Saviour, be
thoroughly reconciled by that love derived from thee which is
not easily provoked, and which soon forgets and buries injuries.
Paul takes Timothy to be his assistant. (1-5) Paul proceeds to
Macedonia, The conversion of Lydia. (6-15) An evil spirit cast
out, Paul and Silas scourged and imprisoned. (16-24) The
conversion of the jailer at Philippi. (25-34) Paul and Silas
released. (35-40)
Verses 6-15 The removals of ministers, and the dispensing the means of grace by them, are in particular under Divine conduct and direction. We must follow Providence: and whatever we seek to do, if that suffer us not, we ought to submit and believe to be for the best. People greatly need help for their souls, it is their duty to look out for it, and to invite those among them who can help them. And God's calls must be complied with readily. A solemn assembly the worshippers of God must have, if possible, upon the sabbath day. If we have not synagogues, we must be thankful for more private places, and resort to them; not forsaking the assembling together, as our opportunities are. Among the hearers of Paul was a woman, named Lydia. She had an honest calling, which the historian notices to her praise. Yet though she had a calling to mind, she found time to improve advantages for her soul. It will not excuse us from religious duties, to say, We have a trade to mind; for have not we also a God to serve, and souls to look after? Religion does not call us from our business in the world, but directs us in it. Pride, prejudice, and sin shut out the truths of God, till his grace makes way for them into the understanding and affections; and the Lord alone can open the heart to receive and believe his word. We must believe in Jesus Christ; there is no coming to God as a Father, but by the Son as Mediator. Verses 16-24 Satan, though the father of lies, will declare the most important truths, when he can thereby serve his purposes. But much mischief is done to the real servants of Christ, by unholy and false preachers of the gospel, who are confounded with them by careless observers. Those who do good by drawing men from sin, may expect to be reviled as troublers of the city. While they teach men to fear God, to believe in Christ, to forsake sin, and to live godly lives, they will be accused of teaching bad customs. Verses 25-34 The consolations of God to his suffering servants are neither few nor small. How much more happy are true Christians than their prosperous enemies! As in the dark, so out of the depths, we may cry unto God. No place, no time is amiss for prayer, if the heart be lifted up to God. No trouble, however grievous, should hinder us from praise. Christianity proves itself to be of God, in that it obliges us to be just to our own lives. Paul cried aloud to make the jailer hear, and to make him heed, saying, Do thyself no harm. All the cautions of the word of God against sin, and all appearances of it, and approaches to it, have this tendency. Man, woman, do not ruin thyself; hurt not thyself, and then none else can hurt thee; do not sin, for nothing but that can hurt thee. Even as to the body, we are cautioned against the sins which do harm to that. Converting grace changes people's language of and to good people and good ministers. How serious the jailer's inquiry! His salvation becomes his great concern; that lies nearest his heart, which before was furthest from his thoughts. It is his own precious soul that he is concerned about. Those who are thoroughly convinced of sin, and truly concerned about their salvation, will give themselves up to Christ. Here is the sum of the whole gospel, the covenant of grace in a few words; Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house. The Lord so blessed the word, that the jailer was at once softened and humbled. He treated them with kindness and compassion, and, professing faith in Christ, was baptized in that name, with his family. The Spirit of grace worked such a strong faith in them, as did away further doubt; and Paul and Silas knew by the Spirit, that a work of God was wrought in them. When sinners are thus converted, they will love and honour those whom they before despised and hated, and will seek to lessen the suffering they before desired to increase. When the fruits of faith begin to appear, terrors will be followed by confidence and joy in God.
Verses 35-40
Paul, though willing to suffer for the cause of Christ,
and without any desire to avenge himself, did not choose to
depart under the charge of having deserved wrongful punishment,
and therefore required to be dismissed in an honourable manner.
It was not a mere point of honour that the apostle stood upon,
but justice, and not to himself so much as to his cause. And
when proper apology is made, Christians should never express
personal anger, nor insist too strictly upon personal amends.
The Lord will make them more than conquerors in every conflict;
instead of being cast down by their sufferings, they will become
comforters of their brethren.
Paul at Thessalonica. (1-9) The noble conduct of the Bereans.
(10-15) Paul at Athens. (16-21) He preaches there. (22-31) The
scornful conduct of the Athenians. (32-34)
Verses 10-15 The Jews in Berea applied seriously to the study of the word preached unto them. They not only heard Paul preach on the sabbath, but daily searched the Scriptures, and compared what they read with the facts related to them. The doctrine of Christ does not fear inquiry; advocates for his cause desire no more than that people will fully and fairly examine whether things are so or not. Those are truly noble, and likely to be more and more so, who make the Scriptures their rule, and consult them accordingly. May all the hearers of the gospel become like those of Berea, receiving the word with readiness of mind, and searching the Scriptures daily, whether the things preached to them are so. Verses 16-21 Athens was then famed for polite learning, philosophy, and the fine arts; but none are more childish and superstitious, more impious, or more credulous, than some persons, deemed eminent for learning and ability. It was wholly given to idolatry. The zealous advocate for the cause of Christ will be ready to plead for it in all companies, as occasion offers. Most of these learned men took no notice of Paul; but some, whose principles were the most directly contrary to Christianity, made remarks upon him. The apostle ever dwelt upon two points, which are indeed the principal doctrines of Christianity, Christ and a future state; Christ our way, and heaven our end. They looked on this as very different from the knowledge for many ages taught and professed at Athens; they desire to know more of it, but only because it was new and strange. They led him to the place where judges sat who inquired into such matters. They asked about Paul's doctrine, not because it was good, but because it was new. Great talkers are always busy-bodies. They spend their time in nothing else, and a very uncomfortable account they have to give of their time who thus spend it. Time is precious, and we are concerned to employ it well, because eternity depends upon it, but much is wasted in unprofitable conversation. Verses 22-31 Here we have a sermon to heathens, who worshipped false gods, and were without the true God in the world; and to them the scope of the discourse was different from what the apostle preached to the Jews. In the latter case, his business was to lead his hearers by prophecies and miracles to the knowledge of the Redeemer, and faith in him; in the former, it was to lead them, by the common works of providence, to know the Creator, and worship Him. The apostle spoke of an altar he had seen, with the inscription, "TO THE UNKNOWN GOD." This fact is stated by many writers. After multiplying their idols to the utmost, some at Athens thought there was another god of whom they had no knowledge. And are there not many now called Christians, who are zealous in their devotions, yet the great object of their worship is to them an unknown God? Observe what glorious things Paul here says of that God whom he served, and would have them to serve. The Lord had long borne with idolatry, but the times of this ignorance were now ending, and by his servants he now commanded all men every where to repent of their idolatry. Each sect of the learned men would feel themselves powerfully affected by the apostle's discourse, which tended to show the emptiness or falsity of their doctrines.
Verses 32-34
The apostle was treated with more outward civility at
Athens than in some other places; but none more despised his
doctrine, or treated it with more indifference. Of all subjects,
that which deserves the most attention gains the least. But
those who scorn, will have to bear the consequences, and the
word will never be useless. Some will be found, who cleave to
the Lord, and listen to his faithful servants. Considering the
judgement to come, and Christ as our Judge, should urge all to
repent of sin, and turn to Him. Whatever matter is used, all
discourses must lead to Him, and show his authority; our
salvation, and resurrection, come from and by Him.
Paul at Corinth, with Aquila and Priscilla. (1-6) He continues
to preach at Corinth. (7-11) Paul before Gallio. (12-17) He
visits Jerusalem. (18-23) Apollos teaches at Ephesus and in
Achaia. (24-28)
Verses 7-11 The Lord knows those that are his, yea, and those that shall be his; for it is by his work upon them that they become his. Let us not despair concerning any place, when even in wicked Corinth Christ had much people. He will gather in his chosen flock from the places where they are scattered Thus encouraged, the apostle continued at Corinth, and a numerous and flourishing church grew up. Verses 12-17 Paul was about to show that he did not teach men to worship God contrary to law; but the judge would not allow the Jews to complain to him of what was not within his office. It was right in Gallio that he left the Jews to themselves in matters relating to their religion, but yet would not let them, under pretence of that, persecute another. But it was wrong to speak slightly of a law and religion which he might have known to be of God, and which he ought to have acquainted himself with. In what way God is to be worshipped, whether Jesus be the Messiah, and whether the gospel be a Divine revelation, are not questions of words and names, they are questions of vast importance. Gallio spoke as if he boasted of his ignorance of the Scriptures, as if the law of God was beneath his notice. Gallio cared for none of these things. If he cared not for the affronts of bad men, it was commendable; but if he concerned not himself for the abuses done to good men, his indifference was carried too far. And those who see and hear of the sufferings of God's people, and have no feeling with them, or care for them, who do not pity and pray for them, are of the same spirit as Gallio, who cared for none of these things. Verses 18-23 While Paul found he laboured not in vain, he continued labouring. Our times are in God's hand; we purpose, but he disposes; therefore we must make all promises with submission to the will of God; not only if providence permits, but if God does not otherwise direct our motions. A very good refreshment it is to a faithful minister, to have for awhile the society of his brethren. Disciples are compassed about with infirmity; ministers must do what they can to strengthen them, by directing them to Christ, who is their Strength. Let us earnestly seek, in our several places, to promote the cause of Christ, forming plans that appear to us most proper, but relying on the Lord to bring them to pass if he sees good.
Verses 24-28
Apollos taught in the gospel of Christ, as far as John's
ministry would carry him, and no further. We cannot but think he
had heard of Christ's death and resurrection, but he was not
informed as to the mystery of them. Though he had not the
miraculous gifts of the Spirit, as the apostles, he made use of
the gifts he had. The dispensation of the Spirit, whatever the
measure of it may be, is given to every man to profit withal. He
was a lively, affectionate preacher; fervent in spirit. He was
full of zeal for the glory of God and the salvation of precious
souls. Here was a complete man of God, thoroughly furnished for
his work. Aquila and Priscilla encouraged his ministry, by
attendance upon it. They did not despise Apollos themselves, or
undervalue him to others; but considered the disadvantages he
had laboured under. And having themselves got knowledge in the
truths of the gospel by their long intercourse with Paul, they
told what they knew to him. Young scholars may gain a great deal
by converse with old Christians. Those who do believe through
grace, yet still need help. As long as they are in this world,
there are remainders of unbelief, and something lacking in their
faith to be perfected, and the work of faith to be fulfilled. If
the Jews were convinced that Jesus is Christ, even their own law
would teach them to hear him. The business of ministers is to
preach Christ. Not only to preach the truth, but to prove and
defend it, with meekness, yet with power.
Paul instructs the disciples of John at Ephesus. (1-7) He
teaches there. (8-12) The Jewish exorcists disgraced. Some
Ephesians burn their evil books. (13-20) The tumult at Ephesus.
(21-31) The tumult appeased. (32-41)
Verses 8-12 When arguments and persuasions only harden men in unbelief and blasphemy, we must separate ourselves and others from such unholy company. God was pleased to confirm the teaching of these holy men of old, that if their hearers believed them not, they might believe the works. Verses 13-20 It was common, especially among the Jews, for persons to profess or to try to cast out evil spirits. If we resist the devil by faith in Christ, he will flee from us; but if we think to resist him by the using of Christ's name, or his works, as a spell or charm, Satan will prevail against us. Where there is true sorrow for sin, there will be free confession of sin to God in every prayer and to man whom we have offended, when the case requires it. Surely if the word of God prevailed among us, many lewd, infidel, and wicked books would be burned by their possessors. Will not these Ephesian converts rise up in judgement against professors, who traffic in such works for the sake of gain, or allow themselves to possess them? If we desire to be in earnest in the great work of salvation, every pursuit and enjoyment must be given up which hinders the effect of the gospel upon the mind, or loosens its hold upon the heart. Verses 21-31 Persons who came from afar to pay their devotions at the temple of Ephesus, bought little silver shrines, or models of the temple, to carry home with them. See how craftsmen make advantage to themselves of people's superstition, and serve their worldly ends by it. Men are jealous for that by which they get their wealth; and many set themselves against the gospel of Christ, because it calls men from all unlawful crafts, however much wealth is to be gotten by them. There are persons who will stickle for what is most grossly absurd, unreasonable, and false; as this, that those are gods which are made with hands, if it has but worldly interest on its side. The whole city was full of confusion, the common and natural effect of zeal for false religion. Zeal for the honour of Christ, and love to the brethren, encourage zealous believers to venture into danger. Friends will often be raised up among those who are strangers to true religion, but have observed the honest and consistent behaviour of Christians.
Verses 32-41
The Jews came forward in this tumult. Those who are thus
careful to distinguish themselves from the servants of Christ
now, and are afraid of being taken for them, shall have their
doom accordingly in the great day. One, having authority, at
length stilled the noise. It is a very good rule at all times,
both in private and public affairs, not to be hasty and rash in
our motions, but to take time to consider; and always to keep
our passions under check. We ought to be quiet, and to do
nothing rashly; to do nothing in haste, of which we may repent
at leisure. The regular methods of the law ought always to stop
popular tumults, and in well-governed nations will do so. Most
people stand in awe of men's judgments more than of the
judgement of God. How well it were if we would thus quiet our
disorderly appetites and passions, by considering the account we
must shortly give to the Judge of heaven and earth! And see how
the overruling providence of God keeps the public peace, by an
unaccountable power over the spirits of men. Thus the world is
kept in some order, and men are held back from devouring each
other. We can scarcely look around but we see men act like
Demetrius and the workmen. It is as safe to contend with wild
beasts as with men enraged by party zeal and disappointed
covetousness, who think that all arguments are answered, when
they have shown that they grow rich by the practices which are
opposed. Whatever side in religious disputes, or whatever name
this spirit assumes, it is worldly, and should be
discountenanced by all who regard truth and piety. And let us
not be dismayed; the Lord on high is mightier than the noise of
many waters; he can still the rage of the people.
Paul's journeys. (1-6) Eutychus restored to life. (7-12) Paul
travels towards Jerusalem. (13-16) Paul's discourse to the
elders of Ephesus. (17-27) Their farewell. (28-38)
Verses 7-12 Though the disciples read, and meditated, and prayed, and sung apart, and thereby kept up communion with God, yet they came together to worship God, and so kept up their communion with one another. They came together on the first day of the week, the Lord's day. It is to be religiously observed by all disciples of Christ. In the breaking of the bread, not only the breaking of Christ's body for us, to be a sacrifice for our sins, is remembered, but the breaking of Christ's body to us, to be food and a feast for our souls, is signified. In the early times it was the custom to receive the Lord's supper every Lord's day, thus celebrating the memorial of Christ's death. In this assembly Paul preached. The preaching of the gospel ought to go with the sacraments. They were willing to hear, he saw they were so, and continued his speech till midnight. Sleeping when hearing the word, is an evil thing, a sign of low esteem of the word of God. We must do what we can to prevent being sleepy; not put ourselves to sleep, but get our hearts affected with the word we hear, so as to drive sleep far away. Infirmity requires tenderness; but contempt requires severity. It interrupted the apostle's preaching; but was made to confirm his preaching. Eutychus was brought to life again. And as they knew not when they should have Paul's company again, they made the best use of it they could, and reckoned a night's sleep well lost for that purpose. How seldom are hours of repose broken for the purposes of devotion! but how often for mere amusement or sinful revelry! So hard is it for spiritual life to thrive in the heart of man! so naturally do carnal practices flourish there! Verses 13-16 Paul hastened to Jerusalem, but tried to do good by the way, when going from place to place, as every good man should do. In doing God's work, our own wills and those of our friends must often be crossed; we must not spend time with them when duty calls us another way. Verses 17-27 The elders knew that Paul was no designing, self-seeking man. Those who would in any office serve the Lord acceptably, and profitably to others, must do it with humility. He was a plain preacher, one that spoke his message so as to be understood. He was a powerful preacher; he preached the gospel as a testimony to them if they received it; but as a testimony against them if they rejected it. He was a profitable preacher; one that aimed to inform their judgments, and reform their hearts and lives. He was a painful preacher, very industrious in his work. He was a faithful preacher; he did not keep back reproofs when necessary, nor keep back the preaching of the cross. He was a truly Christian, evangelical preacher; he did not preach notions or doubtful matters; nor affairs of state or the civil government; but he preached faith and repentance. A better summary of these things, without which there is no salvation, cannot be given: even repentance towards God, and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ, with their fruits and effects. Without these no sinner can escape, and with these none will come short of eternal life. Let them not think that Paul left Asia for fear of persecution; he was in full expectation of trouble, yet resolved to go on, well assured that it was by Divine direction. Thanks be to God that we know not the things which shall befall us during the year, the week, the day which has begun. It is enough for the child of God to know that his strength shall be equal to his day. He knows not, he would not know, what the day before him shall bring forth. The powerful influences of the Holy Spirit bind the true Christian to his duty. Even when he expects persecution and affliction, the love of Christ constrains him to proceed. None of these things moved Paul from his work; they did not deprive him of his comfort. It is the business of our life to provide for a joyful death. Believing that this was the last time they should see him, he appeals concerning his integrity. He had preached to them the whole counsel of God. As he had preached to them the gospel purely, so he had preached it to them entire; he faithfully did his work, whether men would bear or forbear.
Verses 28-38
If the Holy Ghost has made ministers overseers of the
flock, that is, shepherds, they must be true to their trust. Let
them consider their Master's concern for the flock committed to
their charge. It is the church He has purchased with his own
blood. The blood was his as Man; yet so close is the union
between the Divine and human nature, that it is there called the
blood of God, for it was the blood of Him who is God. This put
such dignity and worth into it, as to ransom believers from all
evil, and purchase all good. Paul spake about their souls with
affection and concern. They were full of care what would become
of them. Paul directs them to look up to God with faith, and
commends them to the word of God's grace, not only as the
foundation of their hope and the fountain of their joy, but as
the rule of their walking. The most advanced Christians are
capable of growing, and will find the word of grace help their
growth. As those cannot be welcome guests to the holy God who
are unsanctified; so heaven would be no heaven to them; but to
all who are born again, and on whom the image of God is renewed,
it is sure, as almighty power and eternal truth make it so. He
recommends himself to them as an example of not caring as to
things of the present world; this they would find help forward
their comfortable passage through it. It might seem a hard
saying, therefore Paul adds to it a saying of their Master's,
which he would have them always remember; "It is more blessed to
give than to receive:" it seems they were words often used to
his disciples. The opinion of the children of this world, is
contrary to this; they are afraid of giving, unless in hope of
getting. Clear gain, is with them the most blessed thing that
can be; but Christ tell us what is more blessed, more excellent.
It makes us more like to God, who gives to all, and receives
from none; and to the Lord Jesus, who went about doing good.
This mind was in Christ Jesus, may it be in us also. It is good
for friends, when they part, to part with prayer. Those who
exhort and pray for one another, may have many weeping seasons
and painful separations, but they will meet before the throne of
God, to part no more. It was a comfort to all, that the presence
of Christ both went with him and stayed with them.
Paul's voyage towards Jerusalem. (1-7) Paul at Cesarea. The
prophecy of Agabus, Paul at Jerusalem. (8-18) He is persuaded to
join in ceremonial observances. (19-26) Being in danger from the
Jews, he is rescued by the Romans. (27-40)
Verses 8-18 Paul had express warning of his troubles, that when they came, they might be no surprise or terror to him. The general notice given us, that through much tribulation we must enter into the kingdom of God, should be of the same use to us. Their weeping began to weaken and slacken his resolution Has not our Master told us to take up our cross? It was a trouble to him, that they should so earnestly press him to do that in which he could not gratify them without wronging his conscience. When we see trouble coming, it becomes us to say, not only, The will of the Lord must be done, and there is no remedy; but, Let the will of the Lord be done; for his will is his wisdom, and he doeth all according to the counsel of it. When a trouble is come, this must allay our griefs, that the will of the Lord is done; when we see it coming, this must silence our fears, that the will of the Lord shall be done; and we ought to say, Amen, let it be done. It is honourable to be an old disciple of Jesus Christ, to have been enabled by the grace of God to continue long in a course of duty, stedfast in the faith, growing more and more experienced, to a good old age. And with these old disciples one would choose to lodge; for the multitude of their years shall teach wisdom. Many brethren at Jerusalem received Paul gladly. We think, perhaps, that if we had him among us, we should gladly receive him; but we should not, if, having his doctrine, we do not gladly receive that. Verses 19-26 Paul ascribed all his success to God, and to God they gave the praise. God had honoured him more than any of the apostles, yet they did not envy him; but on the contrary, glorified the Lord. They could not do more to encourage Paul to go on cheerfully in his work. James and the elders of the church at Jerusalem, asked Paul to gratify the believing Jews, by some compliance with the ceremonial law. They thought it was prudent in him to conform thus far. It was great weakness to be so fond of the shadows, when the substance was come. The religion Paul preached, tended not to destroy the law, but to fulfil it. He preached Christ, the end of the law for righteousness, and repentance and faith, in which we are to make great use of the law. The weakness and evil of the human heart strongly appear, when we consider how many, even of the disciples of Christ, had not due regard to the most eminent minister that even lived. Not the excellence of his character, nor the success with which God blessed his labours, could gain their esteem and affection, seeing that he did not render the same respect as themselves to mere ceremonial observances. How watchful should we be against prejudices! The apostles were not free from blame in all they did; and it would be hard to defend Paul from the charge of giving way too much in this matter. It is vain to attempt to court the favour of zealots, or bigots to a party. This compliance of Paul did not answer, for the very thing by which he hoped to pacify the Jews, provoked them, and brought him into trouble. But the all-wise God overruled both their advice and Paul's compliance with it, to serve a better purpose than was intended. It was in vain to think of pleasing men who would be pleased with nothing but the rooting out of Christianity. Integrity and uprightness will be more likely to preserve us than insincere compliances. And it should warn us not to press men to doing what is contrary to their own judgment to oblige us.
Verses 27-40
In the temple, where Paul should have been protected as
in a place of safety, he was violently set upon. They falsely
charged him with ill doctrine and ill practice against the
Mosaic ceremonies. It is no new thing for those who mean
honestly and act regularly, to have things laid to their charge
which they know not and never thought of. It is common for the
wise and good to have that charged against them by malicious
people, with which they thought to have obliged them. God often
makes those a protection to his people, who have no affection to
them, but only have compassion for sufferers, and regard to the
public peace. And here see what false, mistaken notions of good
people and good ministers, many run away with. But God
seasonably interposes for the safety of his servants, from
wicked and unreasonable men; and gives them opportunities to
speak for themselves, to plead for the Redeemer, and to spread
abroad his glorious gospel.
Paul's account of his conversion. (1-11) Paul directed to
preach to the Gentiles. (12-21) The rage of the Jews Paul pleads
that he is a Roman citizen. (22-30)
Verses 12-21 The apostle goes on to relate how he was confirmed in the change he had made. The Lord having chosen the sinner, that he should know his will, he is humbled, enlightened, and brought to the knowledge of Christ and his blessed gospel. Christ is here called that Just One; for he is Jesus Christ the righteous. Those whom God has chosen to know his will, must look to Jesus, for by him God has made known his good-will to us. The great gospel privilege, sealed to us by baptism, is the pardon of sins. Be baptized, and wash away thy sins; that is, receive the comfort of the pardon of thy sins in and through Jesus Christ, and lay hold on his righteousness for that purpose; and receive power against sin, for the mortifying of thy corruptions. Be baptized, and rest not in the sign, but make sure of the thing signified, the putting away of the filth of sin. The great gospel duty, to which by our baptism we are bound, is, to seek for the pardon of our sins in Christ's name, and in dependence on him and his righteousness. God appoints his labourers their day and their place, and it is fit they should follow his appointment, though it may cross their own will. Providence contrives better for us than we do for ourselves; we must refer ourselves to God's guidance. If Christ send any one, his Spirit shall go along with him, and give him to see the fruit of his labours. But nothing can reconcile man's heart to the gospel, except the special grace of God.
Verses 22-30
The Jews listened to Paul's account of his conversion,
but the mention of his being sent to the Gentiles, was so
contrary to all their national prejudices, that they would hear
no more. Their frantic conduct astonished the Roman officer, who
supposed that Paul must have committed some great crime. Paul
pleaded his privilege as a Roman citizen, by which he was
exempted from all trials and punishments which might force him
to confess himself guilty. The manner of his speaking plainly
shows what holy security and serenity of mind he enjoyed. As
Paul was a Jew, in low circumstances, the Roman officer
questioned how he obtained so valuable a distinction; but the
apostle told him he was free born. Let us value that freedom to
which all the children of God are born; which no sum of money,
however large, can purchase for those who remain unregenerate.
This at once put a stop to his trouble. Thus many are kept from
evil practices by the fear of man, who would not be held back
from them by the fear of God. The apostle asks, simply, Is it
lawful? He knew that the God whom he served would support him
under all sufferings for his name's sake. But if it were not
lawful, the apostle's religion directed him, if possible, to
avoid it. He never shrunk from a cross which his Divine Master
laid upon his onward road; and he never stept aside out of that
road to take one up.
Paul's defence before the council of the Jews. (1-5) Paul's
defence. He receives a Divine assurance that he shall go to
Rome. (6-11) The Jews conspire to kill Paul, Lysias sends him to
Cesarea. (12-24) Lysias's letter to Felix. (25-35)
Verses 6-11 The Pharisees were correct in the faith of the Jewish church. The Sadducees were no friends to the Scripture or Di |